Malware (or "malicious software") refers to spyware and computer viruses that are used to send spam or to commit identity theft and other computer-related fraud.

According to the government's OnguardOnline.gov Web site, criminals create appealing Web sites, desirable downloads and compelling stories to lure you to links that will download malware.

Warning signs of malware may include a computer that slows down, repeatedly displays error messages or refuses to shut down or restart.

Malware also may exist when your computer serves up a lot of pop-up ads, displays ads when you aren't Internet surfing, displays Web pages or programs you didn't intend to use or sends e-mail you didn't write.

If you suspect a malware infection, Onguardonline.gov recommends that you stop any online activities in which you provide personal information.

Make sure that you have good security software on your computer that is both active and current.

Scan your computer for viruses and spyware. Delete anything the program identifies as a problem. Professional help is wise when you cannot fix the problem on your own.

Don't click on links or open attachments if you are unfamiliar with senders.

Software should be downloaded from sites you know and trust.

Discuss computing with others using your computer. They should understand that clicking and downloading free games and other programs and giving out personal information online is dangerous.

For more information, see "Minimizing the Effects of Malware" available online at www.onguardonline.gov.

Opinions expressed solely are those of the writer. Joseph Pellicciotti is a lawyer, professor and associate vice chancellor at Indiana University Northwest.