Kobe beef -- beyond prime

Blend of American Angus, Japanese Wagyu a delicious star at northern Indiana restaurant

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buy this photo PHOTO COURTESY OF JOSEPH DECUIS<br> American Kobe beef is very tender and flavorful, lending itself well to recipes where little embellishment is needed.

I'm following Alice Eshelman through a rural patchwork quilt of squares dotted with country cemeteries, barns and even Victorian-era manses to her Heritage Farms, located about six miles from Roanoke in Northeastern Indiana.

Eshelman is the type of woman who takes her food so seriously that she was excited when her husband, Pete, gave her 40 Angus cows impregnated by Wagyu bulls for her 50th birthday. No diamonds and Mediterranean cruises for this gal.

"I knew Pete was getting them for me," says Eshelman, who with her husband, owns Joseph Decuis (pronounced Day Kweeze), a high-end restaurant in the charming but tiny town of Roanoke.

Eshelman isn't a traditional farmer, but those pregnant cows were the perfect present because the couple long has had an interest in sustainable local agriculture -- foods grown and produced close to home -- as well as organic foods.

The pregnant cows were part of their ongoing quest for quality foodstuff to serve in their restaurant.

That's why raising and harvesting American Kobe beef to serve at Joseph Decuis was so enticing. Kobe beef, which comes from a breed of cattle called Wagyu, is a delicacy in Japan.

American Kobe is a cross between Angus and Wagyu cattle, a pairing that creates a tender beef much more suited to American tastes. Joseph Decuis is the only restaurant in the United States that produces its own Kobe beef.

"Wagyu started off as working cattle hundreds of years ago," says Pete Eshelman, who notes that working cattle have the genetic capacity to store fat in their muscle.

"So if you look at the beef, because the fat is in the muscle, it creates an intramuscular marbling which adds to the flavor of the meat."

According to Eshelman, 2 percent of the beef sold in the United States is prime, the most tender of the grades, and Wagyu is on top of that 1 percent.

From the original herd of 40 cows, the Eshelmans now have 113 they raise on their Heritage Farms, about six miles from the restaurant.

The cows give birth each spring (there are accommodating Wagyu bulls who are part of the bovine community).

Spring also is when the offspring are harvested. Because these calves aren't given drugs or hormones, they have a slow maturation rate, and it takes 24 to 36 months for them to grow to the 1,750 pounds needed for harvesting.

The Eshelmans also stress their cattle are raised in a stress-free environment. Indeed, the farm seems cozy. The hen house -- the Eshelmans, with the help of farm manager John Pulver, also raise free-range chickens whose organic eggs are used at the restaurant -- is two stories high with plenty of windows and a cute sign on the exterior reading Hungry Fox Inn.

The cattle have large pens and plenty of ground to roam, though the pregnant cows seem mostly to just sit. Nearby are the organic gardens where seasonal produce is grown for the restaurant.

Pete Eshelman says he first became aware of Kobe beef when one of the chefs at their restaurant put it on the menu. The taste was enough to send the Eshlemans down to Texas to meet with a farmer who was raising American Kobe beef. Not long after, Alice received her 40 cows.

Eshelman believes Kobe beef soon will be going mainstream. But though the taste is rich, so is the price.

The American Kobe raised at Heritage Farm is used at the restaurant and also sold next door at The Emporium at Joseph Decuis, an exquisite gourmet shop with cookware, ceramics, cookbooks, art, signature coffees and a variety of packaged foods from the restaurant including Gumbo Ya-Ya made with fried chicken, heirloom tomato bisque, quiche, raviolis and more.

Joseph Decuis is an interesting anomaly in Roanoke, which has a three-block-long downtown. A destination restaurant located in an early 20th century bank building (the vault now is the wine cellar), it has an exhibition kitchen, several softly lit dining areas and a large two-story solarium with views of the lush New Orleans-style back gardens.

The name Joseph Decuis is from an Eshelman family ancestor who was from Louisiana and the restaurant's logo is a stylish depiction of Decuis' signature from his Last Will and Testament in 1818.

Kobe beef and other foods made in the kitchen at Joseph Decuis are available through their Web site, www.josephdecuis.com. And to further their understanding of raising Kobe cattle, Pete is going to Japan in April to meet with Kobe farmers.

"We're hooked," he says.

Glossary for beef aficionados

Kobe -- The name commonly used to describe fine Japanese beef. Kobe is known for its incredible marbling and comes from Japan's Hyogo prefecture, where Kobe is the capital.

Wagyu -- Wagyu literally means "Japanese cattle" and is the breed of cattle that produces Kobe beef. Wagyu is so rich it often is sold by the ounce.

Angus -- A breed of cattle that consistently produces well-marbled beef and is considered America's finest beef. The best Angus meat is labeled "Certified Angus Beef."

American Kobe -- American Kobe is the cross between Angus and Wagyu.

Marbling -- Marbling is the density of intramuscular fat that gives beef a superior taste.

Grading System -- The USDA has eight levels of grading beef quality. Beef that is typically available in the supermarket is graded "select" or "choice." The highest USDA level is called "prime." About 2 percent of the beef produced in the United States is "prime." Because "prime" is rare, the majority of this beef goes to fine-dining restaurants, and is available through select distributors.

American Kobe exceeds the grading of "prime," making it even a more rare delicacy. In Japan, Kobe is based on a grading scale between 1 and 12, based on the marbling's density.

Wet vs. Dry Aging - Wet-aged beef is vacuumed-sealed and aged for up to several weeks, which helps tenderize it. Dry-aged beef is hung in a cold, moderately humid space where the beef's enzymes break down and tenderize the meat, giving it a unique flavor. In this process the beef loses weight through evaporation as it hangs, which makes it more tasty. Joseph Decuis dry ages their beef for 14 days to maximize tenderness and taste.

Certified Humane -- Cattle have access to clean food and water, sufficient protection from harsh elements, and enough space to move around naturally. They receive antibiotics only when sick, and no hormones.

Grain Fed Beef -- Beef that is fed a diet primarily of corn after weaning is generally considered grain fed beef. Typically in the United States, beef are fed a high volume of grain for 60 to 90 days before butchering. In contrast, Joseph Decuis American Kobe beef is raised in a natural environment and fed a special diet, which typically includes corn, until its harvesting at 24 to 28 months.

Joseph Decuis is located at 191 N. Main St. in Roanoke. (260) 672-1715 or www.josephdecuis.com

Creole Crawfish stuffed Kobe Filet Mignon

4 (6 ounce) filet mignons

2 tablespoons olive oil

1 teaspoon finely minced onions

1 teaspoon finely minced green onions

1 teaspoon finely minced celery

2 teaspoons minced shallots

1 teaspoon minced garlic

1/4 pound cooked crawfish tails

2 tablespoons chicken stock

2 tablespoons bread crumbs

1 tablespoon Joseph Decuis Creole Seasoning

* Heat 1 tablespoon of the oil over high heat. Sauté the onions, green onions, celery, shallots and garlic for 1 to 2 minutes.

* Next, add the crawfish tails, stock, breadcrumbs and 1 teaspoon of Creole seasoning and cook for 2 minutes. When this is done, remove from the heat and allow to cool for at least 15 minutes.

* Using a small sharp knife, cut a slit about 2 inches long into the side of each steak. Make sure to cut about 2 inches in to make a pocket.

* Season the meat with the remaining Creole seasoning, both inside and out.

* Stand the steaks on their uncut edges and open the pockets. Using a spoon, fill each pocket with 1/4 cup of the stuffing.

* Heat the remaining 1 tablespoon oil in a sauté pan over high heat. When the pan begins to smoke, add the filets and sauté for 3 to 4 minutes on each side for medium rare.

Makes 4 servings.

Chargrilled Kobe Hamburger with Wild Mushrooms

4 (8 ounce) Kobe hamburger patties

3 tablespoons olive oil

3 cups assorted fresh wild mushrooms chopped (shiitake, morel, crimini, portabella, oyster, etc.)

2 cloves garlic (thinly sliced)

salt and black pepper

4 ounces gorgonzola cheese

4 each of your favorite hamburger buns

* In a sauté pan set over medium-high heat, sauté the mushrooms with the olive oil and season with salt and pepper.

* Cook the mushrooms until they become just tender. Then, add the garlic and cook for another 2 minutes. Set aside.

* Season the hamburgers with salt and pepper. Place on a preheated grill and cook to desired doneness.

* Top each hamburger with 1 ounce of the gorgonzola cheese and a quarter of the mushroom sauté.

Makes 4 servings.

Bourbon Marinated Kobe Ribeye Steaks

2 large red onions

1/2 cup fresh rosemary

1/2 cup fresh mint leaves

1/2 cup bourbon

1 tablespoon salt

3/4 cup balsamic vinegar

2 cups tomato juice

8 garlic cloves

1/2 cup soy sauce

4 (16 ounce) Kobe Ribeye Steaks

* Combine all the ingredients for the marinade in a food processor fitted with a metal blade.

* Place the ribeyes in a glass dish and pour the marinade over them. Let sit for 2 hours at room temperature, or up to 3 days refrigerated.

* Grill or broil to desired doneness.

Ragu Bolognese

1/4 cup olive oil

2 medium yellow onions (finely chopped)

4 ribs of celery (finely chopped)

2 large carrots (finely chopped)

6 cloves garlic (minced)

1 pound ground Kobe beef

1 pound ground pork

4 ounces bacon (finely chopped)

1 (6 ounce) can tomato paste

1 cup whole milk

1 cup white wine

1 teaspoon each fresh chopped thyme, salt and black pepper

* In an 8-quart heavy-bottomed pot, heat the olive oil over medium heat until hot.

* Add the onions, celery, carrots and garlic and cook until the vegetables are translucent (but not brown).

* Add the Kobe beef, pork and bacon and increase the heat to high. Brown the meat, taking care to stir frequently.

* Add the tomato paste, milk, wine and thyme and bring just to a boil.

* Reduce the heat to medium-low and simmer for 1 to 1-1/2 hours.

* Make sure to season the ragu with salt and pepper before removing from the heat and letting it cool.

Makes 4 to 6 servings.

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